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Compare East Timor (2005) - Brunei (2001)

Compare East Timor (2005) z Brunei (2001)

 East Timor (2005)Brunei (2001)
 East TimorBrunei
Administrative divisions 13 administrative districts; Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana), Cova-Lima (Suai), Dili, Ermera, Lautem (Los Palos), Liquica, Manatuto, Manufahi (Same), Oecussi (Ambeno), Viqueque 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Age structure 0-14 years: 37.1% (male 196,108/female 189,753)


15-64 years: 59.9% (male 318,173/female 305,479)


65 years and over: 3% (male 15,353/female 16,014) (2005 est.)
0-14 years:
30.77% (male 53,977; female 51,772)

15-64 years:
66.52% (male 121,601; female 107,007)

65 years and over:
2.71% (male 4,449; female 4,847) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, rice, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage, mangoes, bananas, vanilla rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Airports 8 (2004 est.) 2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
total:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 15,007 sq km


land: NA


water: NA
total:
5,770 sq km

land:
5,270 sq km

water:
500 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Connecticut slightly smaller than Delaware
Background The Portuguese began to trade with the island of Timor in the early 16th century and colonized it in mid-century. Skirmishing with the Dutch in the region eventually resulted in an 1859 treaty in which Portugal ceded the western portion of the island. Imperial Japan occupied East Timor from 1942 to 1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. East Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975 and was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of East Timor. An unsuccessful campaign of pacification followed over the next two decades, during which an estimated 100,000 to 250,000 individuals lost their lives. On 30 August 1999, in a UN-supervised popular referendum, an overwhelming majority of the people of East Timor voted for independence from Indonesia. Between the referendum and the arrival of a multinational peacekeeping force in late September 1999, anti-independence Timorese militias - organized and supported by the Indonesian military - commenced a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution. The militias killed approximately 1,300 Timorese and forcibly pushed 300,000 people into West Timor as refugees. The majority of the country's infrastructure, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, and schools, and nearly 100% of the country's electrical grid were destroyed. On 20 September 1999 the Australian-led peacekeeping troops of the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) deployed to the country and brought the violence to an end. On 20 May 2002, East Timor was internationally recognized as an independent state. The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has now ruled in Brunei for over six centuries.
Birth rate 27.19 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 20.45 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $107.7 million


expenditures: $73 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
revenues:
$2.5 billion

expenditures:
$2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)
Capital Dili Bandar Seri Begawan
Climate tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Coastline 706 km 161 km
Constitution 22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model) 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Country name conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste


conventional short form: East Timor


local long form: Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste [Portuguese]


local short form: Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Timor-Leste [Portuguese]


former: Portuguese Timor
conventional long form:
Negara Brunei Darussalam

conventional short form:
Brunei
Currency - Bruneian dollar (BND)
Death rate 6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external none $0
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Grover Joseph REES


embassy: Avenida de Portugal, Praia dos Conqueiros, Dili


mailing address: Department of State, 8250 Dili Place, Washington, DC 20521-8250


telephone: (670) 332-4684


FAX: (670) 331-3206
chief of mission:
Ambassador Sylvia Gaye STANFIELD

embassy:
Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan

mailing address:
PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507

telephone:
[673] (2) 229670

FAX:
[673] (2) 225293
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jose Luis GUTERRES


chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: 202 965-1515


FAX: 202 965-1517


consulate(s) general: New York (the ambassador resides in New York) (2004)
chief of mission:
Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato Haji PUTEH Ibni Mohammad Alam

chancery:
3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 342-0159

FAX:
[1] (202) 342-0158
Disputes - international UN Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) has maintained about a thousand peacekeepers in East Timor since 2002; East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet, survey, and delimit the land boundary, but several sections of the boundary especially around the Oekussi enclave remain unresolved; Indonesia and East Timor contest the sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Palau Batek/Fatu Sinai, which prevents delimitation of the northern maritime boundaries; many of 28,000 East Timorese refugees still residing in Indonesia in 2003 have returned, but many continue to refuse repatriation; East Timor and Australia continue to meet but disagree over how to delimit a permanent maritime boundary and share unexploited potential petroleum resources that fall outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty; dispute with Australia also hampers creation of a southern maritime boundary with Indonesia possibly involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island
Economic aid - recipient $2.2 billion (1999-2002 est.) $4.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview In late 1999, about 70% of the economic infrastructure of East Timor was laid waste by Indonesian troops and anti-independence militias, and 300,000 people fled westward. Over the next three years, however, a massive international program, manned by 5,000 peacekeepers (8,000 at peak) and 1,300 police officers, led to substantial reconstruction in both urban and rural areas. By 2003, all but about 30,000 of the refugees had returned. Growth was held back in 2003 by extensive drought and the gradual winding down of the international presence. The country faces great challenges in continuing the rebuilding of infrastructure, strengthening the infant civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the workforce. One promising long-term project is the planned development of oil and gas resources in nearby waters, which have begun to supplement government revenues ahead of schedule. This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. Exports of crude oil and natural gas account for over half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, a further widening of the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh (2002) 2.274 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production NA kWh (2002) 2.445 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m


highest point: Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m
lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m

highest point:
Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Environment - current issues widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements NA party to:
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minority Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Exchange rates the US dollar is the legal tender Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7365 (January 2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997), 1.4100 (1996); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar
Executive branch chief of state: President Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO (since 20 May 2002); note - the president plays a largely symbolic role but is able to veto some legislation; he formerly used the name Jose Alexandre GUSMAO


head of government: Prime Minister Mari Bin Amude ALKATIRI (since 20 May 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 April 2002 (next to be held in April 2007); after the first legislative elections, the leader of the majority party was appointed prime minister by the president, suggesting a precedent for the future


election results: Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO elected president; percent of vote - Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO 82.7%, Francisco Xavier do AMARAL 17.3%
chief of state:
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports $8 million (2004 est.) $2.55 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Exports - commodities coffee, sandalwood, marble; note - the potential for oil and vanilla exports crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Exports - partners Indonesia 100% Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description red, with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that extends to the center of the flag; there is a white star in the center of the black triangle yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
GDP - purchasing power parity - $5.9 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 25.4%


industry: 17.2%


services: 57.4% (2001)
agriculture:
5%

industry:
46%

services:
49% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $400 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1% (2004 est.) 3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 50 S, 125 55 E 4 30 N, 114 40 E
Geography - note Timor comes from the Malay word for "East"; the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Heliports 1 (2004 est.) 3 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 3,800 km


paved: 428 km


unpaved: 3,372 km (1995)
total:
1,712 km

paved:
1,284 km

unpaved:
428 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs NA drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Imports $167 million (2004 est.) $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.)
Imports - commodities food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Imports - partners NA Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999)
Independence 28 November 1975 (date of proclamation of independence from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of East Timor's independence from Indonesia 1 January 1984 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 8.5% 4% (1997 est.)
Industries printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Infant mortality rate total: 47.41 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 53.71 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 40.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
14.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4% (2003 est.) 1% (1999 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICCt, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, MIGA, OPCW, PIF (observer), UN, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,065 sq km (est.) 10 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is established, Court of Appeals is highest court Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Labor force NA 144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel

note:
temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991)
Labor force - by occupation NA government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries total: 228 km


border countries: Indonesia 228 km
total:
381 km

border countries:
Malaysia 381 km
Land use arable land: 4.71%


permanent crops: 0.67%


other: 94.62% (2001)
arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
1%

forests and woodland:
85%

other:
12% (1993 est.)
Languages Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English


note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
Malay (official), English, Chinese
Legal system UN-drafted legal system based on Indonesian law remains in place but will be replaced by civil and penal codes based on Portuguese law (2004) based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Legislative branch unicameral National Parliament (number of seats can vary, minimum requirement of 52 and a maximum of 65 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - for its first term of office, the National Parliament is comprised of 88 members on an exceptional basis


elections: (next to be held August 2006); direct elections for national parliament were never held; elected delegates to the national convention named themselves legislators instead of having elections; hence the exceptional numbers for this term of the national parliament.


election results: percent of vote by party - FRETILIN 57.37%, PD 8.72%, PSD 8.18%, ASDT 7.84%, UDT 2.36%, PNT 2.21%, KOTA 2.13%, PPT 2.01%, PDC 1.98%, PST 1.78%, independents/other 5.42%; seats by party - FRETILIN 55, PD 7, PSD 6, ASDT 6, PDC 2, UDT 2, KOTA 2, PNT 2, PPT 2, UDC/PDC 1, PST 1, PL 1, independent 1
unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)

elections:
last held in March 1962

note:
in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years
Life expectancy at birth total population: 65.9 years


male: 63.63 years


female: 68.29 years (2005 est.)
total population:
73.82 years

male:
71.45 years

female:
76.31 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 58.6% (2002)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
88.2%

male:
92.6%

female:
83.4% (1995 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - East Timor includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references Southeast Asia Southeast Asia
Maritime claims territorial sea: NA


exclusive economic zone: NA


continental shelf: NA


exclusive fishing zone: NA
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM or to median line

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT

ships by type:
liquefied gas 7 (2000 est.)
Military branches East Timor Defense Force (Forcas de Defesa de Timor-L'este, FDTL): Army, Navy (Armada) (2005) Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4.4 million (FY03) $343 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA 5.1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
106,725 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
61,640 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
3,005 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 28 November (1975) National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Nationality noun: Timorese


adjective: Timorese
noun:
Bruneian(s)

adjective:
Bruneian
Natural hazards floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare
Natural resources gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble petroleum, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) 4.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km
Political parties and leaders Associacao Social-Democrata Timorense or ASDT [Francisco Xavier do AMARAL]; Christian Democratic Party of Timor or PDC [Antonio XIMENES]; Christian Democratic Union of Timor or UDC [Vicente da Silva GUTERRES]; Democratic Party or PD [Fernando de ARAUJO]; Liberal Party or PL [leader NA]; Maubere Democratic Party or PDM [leader NA]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER]; Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor or FRETILIN [Lu OLO]; Social Democrat Party of East Timor or PSD [Mario CARRASCALAO]; Socialist Party of Timor or PST [leader Avelino COELHO]; Sons of the Mountain Warriors (also known as Association of Timorese Heroes) or KOTA [Clementino dos Reis AMARAL]; Timor Democratic Union or UDT [Joao CARRASCALAO]; Timor Labor Party or PTT [Paulo Freitas DA SILVA]; Timorese Nationalist Party or PNT [Abilio ARAUJO]; Timorese Popular Democratic Association or APODETI [Frederico Almeida-Santos DA COSTA] Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
Political pressure groups and leaders Popular Council for the Defense of the Democratic Republic of East Timor or CPD-RDTL [leader Antonio-Aitahan MATAK] is largest political pressure group; it rejects current government and claims to be rightful government; Kolimau 2000 [leader Dr. Bruno MAGALHAES] is another opposition group; dissatisfied veterans of struggle against Indonesia, led by one-time government advisor Cornelio GAMA (also known as L-7), also play an important role in pressuring government NA
Population 1,040,880


note: other estimates range as low as 800,000 (July 2005 est.)
343,653 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 42% (2003 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.09% (2005 est.) 2.11% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Dili Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong
Radio broadcast stations AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 329,000 (1998)
Railways - total:
13 km (private line)

narrow gauge:
13 km 0.610-m gauge
Religions Roman Catholic 90%, Muslim 4%, Protestant 3%, Hindu 0.5%, Buddhist, Animist (1992 est.) Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female


total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.14 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.92 male(s)/female

total population:
1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 17 years of age; universal none
Telephone system NA general assessment:
service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia

domestic:
every service available

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use NA 79,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 43,524 (1996)
Television broadcast stations NA 2 (1997)
Terrain mountainous flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Total fertility rate 3.61 children born/woman (2005 est.) 2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (including underemployment) (1992 est.) 4.9% (1995 est.)
Waterways - 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m
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